question_answer

       

Amit had a business of supplying the milk of catties in homes. He was disturbed with his financial condition and was not in a condition to buy a new cattle. One of his friends, advised him that he can easily increase his herd size of the desired variety by the use of MOET programme. List the different steps involved in conducting the respective programme mentioning the utility of the programme.

Or

(i) Mention the process of production of activated sludge during sewage treatment.

(ii) Explain the process of production of biogas with this activated sludge with the importance of the biogas so produced in daily life.

Answer:

MOET or Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer technology is the technique commonly used to improve the herd, i.e. a group of animals that live together or are kept together as a livestock. The steps involved in this method are as follows

(i) A cow is administered with the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) for inducing the maturation of follicles and superovulation, i.e. production of 6 - 8 ova per cycle.

(ii) The cow is then allowed to mate with the selected bull or is artificially inseminated.

(iii) The embryos at 8 - 32 cell stages are recovered and then transferred to the surrogate mothers, where development of embryo occurs.

(iv) In this way, the genetic mother becomes available for another superovulation. MOET is useful in the way that it enhances or intensifies the production of genetically superior breeds of catties and other herd animals in a short period of time.

Or

(i) During sewage treatment, activated sludge gets produced in the following processes

(a) When BOD of the waste matter is reduced significantly, it is passed into a settling tank where the bacterial floes are allowed to undergo sedimentation. This sediment is known as activated sludge.

(b) A small part of the activated sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank to serve as inoculum. The remaining part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks, i.e. anaerobic sludge digesters in which anaerobic bacteria are present.

(c) Anaerobic microbes digest the organic mass as well as aerobic microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the sludge. During this digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. These gases collectively form the biogas.

(ii) Importance of biogas

(a) It is used as a source of energy to produce electricity and for the purpose of heating as it is inflammable.

(b) It reduces the greenhouse effect.