question_answer

Nisha was rushed to a nearby hospital after an severe accident, which caused much blood loss. Nisha had O negative blood group and the hospital failed to supply O negative blood for transfusion. Ahmed, who was attending a patient heard about the situation and agreed to donate blood as he had same blood group. Nisha's mother initially refused to take blood from Ahmed due to religion issues but was later was convinced by her son's view.

(i) Why can't O positive blood be tranfused into Nisha's body?

(ii) What is the genetic basis of blood group inheritance?

(iii) Human blood grouping is an example of.

(iv) What values do you find in Nisha's brother and Ahmed?

 

Answer:

(i)  \[{{O}^{+}}\] blood group contains antigen for Rh factor. \[R{{h}^{-}}\] blood lacks the antigen so, if the two blood mix, it shall cause clotting resulting in death of the patient.

(ii) Human blood groups are A, B, AB, O. Four phenotypes are expressed by paired combination of three alleles \[({{I}^{A}},{{I}^{B}},i)\].\[{{I}^{A}}\]and \[{{I}^{B}}\] are dominant alleles for blood group A and B respectively. O blood group is due to lack of any dominant gene. Alleles \[{{I}^{A}}\]\[{{I}^{B}}\] expresses both dominant traits and the blood group is AB.

Blood type (phenotype)	Genotype	Can Receive Blood from
A	\[{{I}^{A}}{{I}^{A}},{{I}^{A}}i\]	A or O
B	\[{{I}^{B}}{{I}^{B}},{{I}^{B}}i\]	B or O
AB	\[{{I}^{A}}{{I}^{B}}\]	A, B, AB, O
O	\[ii\]	O

(iii) Multiple alleles.

(iv) Nisha's brother shown understanding of science and Ahmed believes in helping a person in need without thinking about which religion or caste he belongs to.