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How the role of plant tissue culture is useful in enhancing the food production?

OR

Name the causative organism, symptoms and mode of infection of typhoid and pneumonia.

 

Answer:

The traditional breeding techniques failed to keep the balance with increasing demand and to provide accurate, fast and efficient system for the crop improvement. To overcome this difficulty another technology called Tissue culture got developed. By the application of tissue culture, it is possible to achieve the propagation of a large number of plants in a very short duration and this can enhance the food production.

To increase the food production, the application of plant tissue culture is another important method to get the recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants.

Some other important applications and achievements of plant tissue culture are as follows:

(a) Micropropagation: It is the technique to produce a large quantity of large and healthy plantlets by rapid vegetative propagation. This propagation has successfully been achieved for a number of economically important plants like orchids, bananas, potato, Chrysanthamum etc.

(b) Production of disease-free plants: The plant pathogens are transmitted in vegetatively propagated plants. The healthy shoot tips of infected plants, if grown in culture can produce healthy plants. This multiple shootlet production technology is used to produce disease free healthy plants of different crops.

OR

Typhoid: This disease is caused by bacteria Salmonella typhi which lives in small intestine. Symptoms include sustained high fever, weakness, stomach pain, headache and loss of appetite. Infection occurs through food and water contaminated with bacteria.

Pneumonia: This disease is caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae which infect the alveoli of the lungs. The symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills, cough and difficulty in breathing, hi severe cases, the lips and finger nails may turn gray to bluish in colour. Infection occurs by inhaling the droplets/aerosols released by an infected person or even by sharing glasses and utensils with an infected person.