Answer:
(a)
Phenol has smaller dipole moment than methanol due to electron withdrawing
effect of phenyl group. As a result the 
in phenol
is less polar. 
On
the other hand, in methanol the methyl group is electron releasing effect and
hence 
group is
more polar and dipole moment of phenol is higher than methanol.
(b)
Phenyl group is electron withdrawing in nature. Therefore electron density
on oxygen of 
group
decreases. So, it is easily protonated.
In
case of alcohols, the alkyl group is 
effect
group which increases the 
density on
oxygen atom. Therefore it is not easily protonated.
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(c)
Alcohols acts as weak bases due to presence of lone pair on oxygen atom.
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