question_answer

Direction: Read the given passage Are fully and answer the questions that follow.

Plagiarism is by far the most common form of research fraud. Widely practised by faculty and students at India's higher education institutions, it is, for the most part, not even considered unethical. A high-level,

UGC-appointed committee, headed by Sanjay dhande, former director of IIT-Kanpur, is looking to change that. He committee is currently finalising a set of rules and regulations that will clearly outline and commend different levels of punishment ? including salary cuts and even dismissal ? for different degrees of plagiarism.

With the adoption of these new rules, higher education in India would have taken an important step towards improving its research culture.

A fairly large number of PhD dissertations submitted at our universities are plagiarised, often with the blessings of faculty members. Many teachers themselves plagiarised quite freely, as they dish out journal articles and books, because there are no adverse consequences. In most cases, offenders actually benefit from it. Plagiarism, however, is an archaic form of research fraud. The academic world has moved on, embraced new techniques of dubious research and discovered fresh avenues to publish that research. While the UGC's new initiatives are necessary and welcome, they are not sufficient to address the larger problem of research fraud.

Over the past few years, hundreds of fake academic journals, most of which are primarily online publications, have proliferated. These journals exist for the sole purpose of making money from authors. They are labelled "fake" because one can literally publish gibberish in these journals for a small "processing" fee. Academics and students worldwide routinely receive emails from publishers, soliciting contributions. Following in the footsteps of faculty members, and sometimes inspired by them, undergraduate students also have taken to publishing in order to pad up their CVs. For fresh PhDs, the easy option of publishing their dissertations with foreign publishers without any academic review is all too tempting.

'Over the past few years, hundreds of fake academic journals........, have proliferated.? Why these academic journals are levelled' fake'?

A)                  Publishers of these journals are not legally authorized to publish journals.

B) These journals trade on plagiarism.

C) One can literally publish rubbish in these journals for a small amount of money.

D) The journals are neither accredited nor acclaimed by the academicians or Institutions.

E) None of these