| Consider the following events: |
| 1. Setting up of the Natal Indian Congress |
| 2. Starting a paper Indian Opinion |
| 3. Passive resistance or civil disobedience |
| Which of the given above events is/are initiated with Gandhi's phase of struggle called 'Satyagraha' in South Africa? |
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
[c] Gandhiji's political activities from 1894 to 1906 may be classified as the 'Moderate' phase of the struggle of the South African Indians. During this phase, he concentrated on petitioning and sending memorials to the south. African legislatures, the colonial Secretary in London and the British Parliament. His attempt was to unite the different sections of Indians and to give their demands wide publicity. This he tried to do through the setting up of the Natal Indian Congress and by starting a paper called Indian Opinion. Gandhi's abilities as an organizer, as a fund-raiser, as a journalist and as a propagandist, all came to the fore during this period. But, by 1906, Gandhi, having fully tried the 'Moderate' method of struggle, was become convinced that these would not lead anywhere. The second phase of the struggle in South Africa, which began in 1906, was characterized by the use of the method of passive resistance or civil disobedience, which Gandhi named Satyagraha.
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