A) Warm condition over the eastern Pacific and cold in western Pacific
B) Cold condition over the eastern Pacific and warm in western Pacific
C) Warm condition throughout the eastern and western Pacific
D) Cold condition throughout the eastern and western Pacific
Correct Answer: A
Solution :
[a] El Nino (Child Christ) is a warm ocean current appearing along the Peru coast in December. It replaces the Peru or Humboldt Cold Ocean current flowing over this region during normal years. Under normal times the layer over the eastern Pacific is cool and shallow, while over the western Pacific it is warm and deep. Such conditions are helpful for strong southwest monsoons. The appearance of El Nino reverses the conditions (warm condition over eastern of Pacific and cold in western Pacific). Since El Nino represents large atmospheric perturbations to which the ocean responds with warm or colder surface temperature, it leads to extreme events, such as drought, flood and poor monsoons. The Southern Oscillations is the name ascribed to a seesaw term of meteorological changes that are often observed between the Pacific, the pressures over the Indian Ocean tend to be low, and vice versa. The oscillation was discovered by Sir Gilbert Walker and is therefore also known as "Walker circulation". The oscillation has a period varying from 2-7 years. The intensity of the Southern Oscillation is measured by the difference in sea level pressures of Tahiti and Port Darwin. Enso-EI Nino Oscillations.
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