question_answer

Direction: In the question sets below are, two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:

All stars are bottles.

Some bottles are papers.

No paper is a calendar.

Conclusions:

I. At least some calendars are bottles.

II. No calendar is a star.

A)  if only conclusion I follows.

B)  if only conclusion II follows.

C)  if either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.

D)  if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows.

E)  if both conclusion I and conclusion II follow.

Correct Answer: A

Solution :

(i) All stars are bottles\[\to \]Universal Affirmative (A-type).

(ii) Some bottles are papers\[\to \]Particular Affirmative (I-type).

(iii) No paper is calendar\[\to \]Universal Negative (E-type).

(iv) Some papers are not calendars \[\to \]Particular Negative (O- type).

Some bottles are papers. No paper is a calendar. \[I+E\Rightarrow \]O-type of Conclusion "Some bottles are not calendars** Venn Diagrams All stars are bottles. Some bottles are papers. No paper is calendar.  We have derived the Conclusion "Some bottles are not calendars". It may be represented by Venn- Diagrams as: Therefore, Conclusion I follows.