| Through the evolutionary history of organised criminal gangs tends to find a pattern of development which is similar in most respects, whether it is India or the USA or any other country. The gangs generally start with one enterprising person who takes to crime and recruits a few underlings. He succeeds in making money through his chosen modus operandi, be it smuggling or bootlegging or any other criminal profession. Once he establishes himself in his area of operation, which is initially quite small, he manages to buy protection for himself and his henchmen by bribing the law enforcement agencies of his area, generally the local police station and local customs and excise staff. Once this stage is reached, the other small time criminals in the area flock around him and seek cover under his protective umbrella. This arrangement takes place either by these petty criminals joining his gang as regular members, or by regular payments of protection money and retaining their identity. Their area of operation is however confined to a limited area agreed to by both sides. |
| No criminal gang, however big or powerful can survive without police protection or police indifference. All gang bosses are aware of the police force or have a confrontation with them. They would prefer to win them over with their vast fortunes. However all policemen are not purchasable or dishonest, therefore the bosses have to find ways and means to neutralise such officers if they are to survive. The only body of men who can influence the police or force them into inaction are the politicians in power. Therefore they are the first targets of the gangs. A politician is basically a very insecure person as his wellbeing depends entirely on winning elections. He is willing to clutch at any straw when he has to face the electorate. In India votes can be garnered mostly by the following three methods. Firstly, the candidate should have such a high standing in society that the public votes for him without any hesitation. Such candidates are very rare today. The second alternative is to have enough money to buy the votes through vote brokers who are available all over the country, although they cannot be fully relied on. The third alternative is to terrorise the voters to vote for them, Or to stay away from the voting booths so that their votes can be cast by imposters. The voting booth staff are also terrorised into submission. |
| The second, and the third alternatives can be achieved by the organised gangs who can afford to buy the votes or alternatively terrorise the voters. Under these conditions the politician finds it very convenient to utilise the criminal gangs for winning elections and attaining power. The price they have to pay is to provide protection to the gangs from police action. |
A) It begins from a single criminal
B) It buys protection by bribing law enforcement
C) Both (a) and (b)
D) Each criminal gang is unique
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
(c) Through the evolutionary history of organised criminal gangs tends to find a pattern of development which is similar in most respects, whether it is India or the USA or any other country. The gangs generally start with one enterprising person who takes to crime and recruits a few underlings. He succeeds in making money through his chosen modus operand!, be it smuggling or bootlegging or any other criminal profession. Once he establishes himself in his area of operation, which is initially quite small, he manages to buy protection for himself and his henchmen by bribing the law enforcement agencies of his area, generally the local police station and local customs and excise staff.
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