question_answer

Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:

International relations are a perpetual puzzle in which it is impossible to have certainty regarding the events that will occur within it. However, to help predict what will happen within international politics, political theories have been created, three of which are realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Realism is a structural theory that favors observing the realistic nature of states concerning the idea that they pursue self-interested policies and wish to maximize power in order to ensure survival. Contrary to realism, liberalism leads to a more optimistic outlook of the world, in which international cooperation is feasible for allowing goals like peace and economic development to be achieved. On the other hand, constructivism contains a different perspective of anarchy in that states pursuing self-interested policies are not inherent to an anarchical system but socially constructed from the interaction between states. Analyzing major conflicts through realist, liberalist, and constructivist frameworks from different states can provide insight as to how the globe will approach and handle international relations.

What is the argument put up between realism and liberalism?

(1) Realism is observed by the states but liberalism is global

(2) Realism is self centered whereas liberalism is optimistic

(3) Realism ensures survival whereas liberalism is development

 

A) 1 and 2

B) 2 and 3

C) 1 and 3

D) All the above