A) parthenogenesis
B) parthenocarpy
C) apospory
D) apomixes
Correct Answer: A
Solution :
Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg or if a spermatozoan does penetrate the egg but there is no union of male and female pronuclei. There are many patterns of parthenogenesis as- [a] Ameiotic parthenogenesis: There is no meiosis and egg is formed by mitotic cell division. Hence, the off-springs are clones of the parent, e.g.. Some sp. Of flatworms, rotifers, crustacean, insects etc. [b] Meiotic parthenogenesis: Haploid ovum is formed by meiosis and it may or may not be influenced by the male. The diploid condition is restored by chromosomal duplication e.g.. Bees, wasps and ants. Apomixis is a form of reproduction which does not involve meiosis and syngamy. Apospory is the development of gametophyte directly from sporophyte. Hence, such gametophyte has diploid chromosome number. Parthenocarpy is the formation of fruits without fertilization.
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