A) By Alfred Russel Wallace in 1901
B) Independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1859
C) Independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1900
D) By Charles Darwin in 1866
Correct Answer: B
Solution :
In 1831, Charles Darwin accepted an unpaid post of naturalist on the survey ship HMS Beagle which spent the five years at sea charting the East Coast of South America. Having collated a vast amount of information he began to realize that under the intense competition of members in a population, any variation which favoured survival in a particular environment would increase that individuals ability to reproduce and leave fertile off springs. Less favourable variations would be at a disadvantage and organisms possessing them would, therefore, have their chances of successful reproduction decreased. In the meantime, Alfred Russell Wallace had travelled widely in South America, Malaya and the Eastern Indian archipelago and come to the same conclusions as Darwin regarding natural selection. In 1858, Wallace wrote an essay outline his theory and sent it to Darwin. This stimulated and encouraged Darwin and in July 1858, Darwin and Wallace presented papers on their ideas at a meeting of the Linnean Society in London. Over a year later, in 1859, Darwin published-0n the origin of species by means of Natural Selection.
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