NEET Physics Magnetic Effects of Current / करंट का चुंबकीय प्रभाव NEET PYQ-Magnetic Effects Of Current

  • question_answer
    In a mass spectrometer used for measuring the masses of ions, the ions are initially accelerated by an electric potential V and then made to describe semicircular paths of radius R using a magnetic field B. If V and B are kept constant, the ratio \[\left( \frac{\text{charge}\,\text{on}\,\text{the}\,\text{ion}}{\text{mass}\,\text{of}\,\text{the}\,\text{ion}} \right)\] will be proportional to:                                                                                                   [AIPMT (S) 2007]

    A)        \[\frac{1}{R}\]             

    B)       \[\frac{1}{{{R}^{2}}}\]

    C)  \[{{R}^{2}}\]             

    D)       R

    Correct Answer: B

    Solution :

    [b] Key Idea: Centripetal force is provided by the magnetic force \[quB\].
                The radius of the orbit in which ions moving is determined by the relation as given below.
                            \[\frac{m{{v}^{2}}}{R}=qvB\]
                where m is the mass, v is velocity, q is charge of ion and B is die flux density of the magnetic field, so that qvB is the magnetic force acting on the ion, and \[\frac{m{{v}^{2}}}{R}\] is the centripetal force on the ion moving in a curved path of radius R.
                The angular frequency of rotation of the ions about the vertical field B is given by
                            \[\omega =\frac{v}{R}=\frac{qB}{m}=2\pi v\]
                where v is frequency.
                Energy of ion is given by
                            \[E=\frac{1}{2}\,m{{v}^{2}}=\frac{1}{2}m{{(R\omega )}^{2}}\]
                            \[=\frac{1}{2}\,m{{R}^{2}}{{B}^{2}}\frac{{{q}^{2}}}{{{m}^{2}}}\]
                or         \[E=\frac{1}{2}\,\frac{{{R}^{2}}\,{{B}^{2}}\,{{q}^{2}}}{m}\]                                …(i)
                If ions are accelerated by electric potential V, then energy attained by ions
                            \[E=qV\]                                               ....(ii)
                From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
                            \[V=\frac{1}{2}\,\frac{{{R}^{2}}{{B}^{2}}{{q}^{2}}}{m}\]
                or         \[\frac{q}{m}=\frac{2V}{{{R}^{2}}{{B}^{2}}}\]
                If V and B are kept constant, then
                            \[\frac{q}{m}\propto \frac{1}{{{R}^{2}}}\]


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