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What is the meaning of density of population? Examine the four geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in the world with suitable examples.

Answer:

Meaning of Population Density: The ratio between the number of people to the size of the land/area of state. The number of people inhabiting per unit of land is called population density. As per census 2011, Bihar is most densely populated state with 1106 persons per square km, followed by West Bengal with 1028 persons. Arunachal Pradesh has least density with only 17 person per sq. km.

Geographical factors that influence the population?s distribution in the world:

(i) Relief: Relief is the most important factor influencing and distribution of population. High mountains, rugged terrains and some of plateous restrict human settlement. Many parts of the Himalayas, Rockies and Andes are without any population.

(ii) River valleys have fertile soil, abundant water and transport hence these are densely populated.

(iii) Climate: Excessive heat, cold, dryness or wetness restrict human population. Hence areas with normal climate are more dense. Apart from human health, climate affects agriculture as adverse weather conditions result in crop failure.

(iv) Soil: Areas of fertile soil permit high concentration of population because it forms the base for high agricultural activities.

(v) Natural Resources: Due to availability of natural resources, industries grow up, hence area becomes populated.