question_answer

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The One Lord

Here is a composition attributed to Kabir

Tell me, brother, how,,, can there be

No one lord of the world but two?

Who led you so astray?

God is called by many names

Names like Allah, Ram, Karim, Keshav, Hari, and Hazrat.

Gold may be shaped into rings and bangles.

Isn't it gold all the same?

Distinctions are only in words that we invent.........

Kabir says they are both mistaken.

Neither can find the only Ram. One kills the goat, the other-cows.

They waste their lives in disputation.

(1) Name any two scriptures in which verses, ascribed to Kabir, have been compiled.

(2) How did Kabir describe the 'Ultimate Reality'?

(3) Explain the arguments given by Kabir against the lords of the world of different communities.

(4) Do you agree with Kabir? Give your own views as well.

Or

A warning for Europe

Bernier warned that if European kings followed the Mughal model:

Their kingdoms would be very far from being well-cultivated and peopled, so welt built, so rich, so polite and flourishing, as we see them. Our kings are otherwise rich and powerful; and we must avow that they are much better and more royally served. They would soon be kings of deserts and solitudes, of beggars and barbarians, such as those are whom I have been representing (the Mughals) ... We should find the great Cities and the great Burroughs (boroughs) rendered uninhabitable because of ill air, and to fall to ruine (ruin) without any bodies (anybody) taking care of repairing them; the hillocks abandoned, and the fields overspread with bushes, or filled with pestilential marishes (marshes), as hath been already intimated.

(1) What kind of warning European traveller wants to give? Describe briefly.

(2) 'On what accounts Bernier's description was at variance with the contemporary Mughal records.? Explain.

(3) Explain Bernier's suggestions given about the great cities.

 

Answer:

(1) Following are two scriptures in which veres ascribed to Kabir compiled:

(i) Kabir Bijak

(ii) Kabir Granthavali

(2) Kabir described the "Ultimate reality" as Allah, Khuda, Hazrat and Pir. He also used terms taken from vedantic traditions Alakh, Nirankar, Brhman, Atman etc.

(3) Kabir says that there is one Lord of the world and he is called by many times like Allah, Ram, Karim, Keshav, Hari, and Hazrat, Kabir says that these distinctions are due to words we invent.

(4) I absolutely agree with Kabir?s views. I think that God is one. He may called by many names. Kabir s views are perfectly logical and secular in truest: sense.

Or

(1) European traveller Bernier warned that if European kings followed the Mughal model their kingdoms would be very far from being well-cultivated peopled, so we built, so polite and flourishing as we see them,

(2) According to Bernier one or the main differences between Mughal India and Europe was the lack of private property in land in former. He maintained that the crown ownership of land was harmful for both the state and its people.

(3) Bernier gave suggestions about great cities: The cities and towns of the Mughal Empire were ruined and contaminated will ?ill air and its fileds? overspread with bushes and full of ?pestilineal mashes?.