Answer:
(i) Fat soluble vitamins: The fat-soluble vitamins are those vitamins that are soluble in fat. These include vitamin A, D, E and K stored in the liver and in body fat. (a) Vitamin ?A?: Vitamin A (retinol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant. The Vitamin A that we obtain from animal products is called retinoid and can be used by our body without any modification. The form of Vitamin a found in fruits and vegetable is known as carotenoids. (b) Vitamin ?D?: Vitamin D is different from other essential vitamins because our own "body can manufacture it with sunlight exposure. The main function of Vitamin D is to regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in our bones and aid in cell-to-cell communication throughout the body. (c) Vitamin ?E?: Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a powerful, fat-soluble antioxidant that helps to protect cell membranes against the damage caused by free radicals, prevents the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and is also important in the formation of red blood cells (RBC), thus essential for blood coagulation. (d) Vitamin K: Vitamin K occurs in two forms- Vitamin Kl and Vitamin K2. Vitamin K is, known as the clotting vitamin, because without it, blood would not clot. It also helps In, B prevention of hemorrhage. (ii) Water soluble vitamins: The water-soluble vitamins are those vitamins that are soluble in water. Vitamin C and members of the Vitamin B complex are water-soluble vitamins. (a) Vitamin \[\mathbf{'}{{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{1}}}\mathbf{'}\] (Thiamin): Vitamin \[{{B}_{1}}\] or Thiamine, helps to release energy from foods, promotes normal appetite, and is important in maintaining proper nervous system function. (b) Vitamin \[\mathbf{'}{{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{'}\] (Riboflavin): Riboflavin or Vitamin \[{{B}_{2}}\] helps to release energy from foods, promotes good vision, and healthy skin. It also helps to convert the ammo acid tryptophan (which makes up protein) into niacin. (c) Vitamin \[\mathbf{'}{{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{3}}}\mathbf{'}\] (Niacin): Vitamin \[{{B}_{3}}\], or niacin, works with other B-complex vitamins to metabolize food and provide energy for the body. Vitamin \[{{B}_{3}}\] is involved in energy production, normal enzyme function, digestion, promoting normal appetite, healthy skin and nerves. (d) Vitamin \[\mathbf{'}{{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{6}}}\mathbf{'}\] (Pyridoxine): Vitamin \[{{B}_{6}}\] is a key factor in protein and glucose metabolism as well as in the formation of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a component of red blood cells-it carries oxygen. Vitamin \[{{B}_{6}}\] is also involved in keeping the lymph nodes, thymus and healthy. (e) Vitamin \[\mathbf{'}{{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{12}}}\mathbf{'}\] (Cobalamin): Vitamin \[{{B}_{12}}\] is also known as Cobalamin, aids in the building of genetic material, production of normal red blood cells, and maintenance of the nervous system. (f) Biotin: Biotin is a coenzyme and a B vitamin and is also known as Vitamin H. As a supplement, biotin is sometimes used for diabetes, brittle nails, and other conditions. Biotin helps to release energy from carbohydrates and aids in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates from food. (g) Vitamin ?C?: Vitamin C is also called Ascorbic acid, which is a water-soluble vitamin and cannot be stored in the body. Most plants and animals can produce their own vitamin C but humans cannot. Vitamin C is needed for proper growth, development, and to heal wounds. It is used to make the collagen tissue for healthy teeth, gums, blood vessels and bones.
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