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What are the Nutritive and Non-nutritive components of diet? Explain.

Answer:

A diet which consists of all the essential food constituent viz. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats. Vitamins, minerals and water in correct proportions is called balanced diet. In balanced diet both nutritive and non-nutritive components are necessary.

Nutritive component of diet: Nutritive component of diet are those components which contribute or provide energy or calorie. There are various nutritive components of diet, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals etc.

FAT: Fat is considered as a major source of energy for athletes. Various type of sport require different proportions of fat to muscles for maximum performance. A minimum amount of fat is desirable for a distance runner, high jumper or gymnast. Distance swimmers need a certain amount of fat distributed near the skin surface to diminish the heat loss to the water.

MINERALS: The mineral deficiency can decrease the performance especially during the exercises in hot climate. Sweating reduces the amount of sodium and chloride in the body. Excess amount of salt intake can lead to potassium loss and increased water retention. This condition can be harmful for the persons with hypertension.

VITAMINS: Vitamins are chemicals which are required in very small amount to keep our body healthy. If a particular vitamin is not taken in diet, it may cause a deficiency disease. For example, if vitamin ?C? is not taken in diet, it may cause the scurvy disease.

Two groups of vitamins are mentioned below:

(i) Fat Soluble Vitamins: Fat soluble vitamins are those vitamins which are soluble in fats. These vitamins are composed of the elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These vitamins are - Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.

(ii) Water Soluble Vitamins: These vitamins are soluble in water. These vitamins contains the elements of nitrogen and even Sulphur. These vitamins are - Vitamin B and Vitamin C.

PROTEINS: The word ?Protein? is derived from the Greek word? Proteus?, which means ?The best substance from foodstuffs?. The protoplasm is formed by protein which is hasp of living cell. Our physical growth and development will be retarded, if we take less amount of protein in our food.

Sorces of Protein: The protein, which we get from animal products is called animal proteins. This protein is found in eggs, milk products/ meat and fish and normally known as far better than vegetable protein.

Vegetable Protein: The protein, which we get from vegetables is called vegetable protein. This is found in various types of pulses, soya bean, mustard, groundnuts, dry fruits and food grains.

CARBOHYDRATES: This is also a essential constituent of food. Carbohydrate acts as a fuel in our body and gives energy. We also need carbohydrate for the formation of fats. The individuals, who perform hard work, need maximum amount of carbohydrates. Due to lack of carbohydrate in the body, he loses weight. The skin becomes loose and wrinkles start appearing on the face. The source of carbohydrates are Rice, maize, jowar, bajra, pulses, gram, dry pea, dates, grape/ potato, banana etc.

Non-nutritive component of diet- Non-nutritive components of diet are those components which do not contribute or provide energy or calories. Roughage water, color, flavour and pesticide residue etc., are among the non-nutritive components of diet or food.