Answer:
Effect of exercise on the cardio-vascular system: (i) Cardiac output increases: The cardiac output tends to increase as a result of regular exercise. (ii) Resting heart rate decreases: The resting heart rate decreases due to regular exercise. After a duration of 10 week training programme, the resting rate may reduce up to 10 beats/min from the normal 72 beats/min. (iii) Stroke volume increases at resting condition: The stroke volume at rest remains up to 50-70 ml/beat in untrained individuals, but in trained individuals it ranges from 70-90 ml/beat. (iv) Blood volume increases: The blood volume increases due to regular exercises. Actually, as the blood volume increases, there is an increase in plasma volume. Also, the body produces a greater number of red blood cells. (v) Blood flow increases: The body increases its number of capillaries to the requirement of supplying more oxygen during exercise to the muscles. The existing capillaries open wider as well.
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