Answer:
1. Flat Foot 
Flat foot is one physical deformity on which the medial longitudinal and transverse arches of foot are depressed and medial border of foot comes in contact with ground. In other words, in this deformity the arch of the foot collapses, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. Flat foot deformity can be diagnosed with a very simple test called as 'Wet Foot test'. It creates problem in walking and running.
Causes of knock knee are
(i) Birth defect.
(ii) Overweight or obesity.
(iii) Deficiency of the vitamin D, calcium, etc. during childhood.
Knock Knee
Knock-knee is a type of postural deformity. In this deformity, both the knees touch each other in normal standing position. It creates problem in walking and running. Causes of Knock Knee are:
(i) Birth defect.
(ii) Overweight or obesity.
(iii) Deficiency of the vitamin D, calcium, etc. during childhood.
Corrective Measures for Knock Knee and Flat Foot
Following exercises can be performed as a remedy for Flat Foot deformity:
(i) Walking on heels.
(ii) Walking on inner and outer side of feet.
(iii) Walking on toes.
(iv) To perform up and down the heels.
(v) Jumping on toes for some time.
(vi) To skip on rope.
(vii) To perform the yogic asana.
(viii) Surgery
(ix) Standing on toes
(x) Picking small stone with toes and placing it a little far
(xi) Perform yogic asana like Tadasana (Tree posture), Vajrasana and Utkatasana (Chair posture).
Following exercises can be performed as a remedy for Knock Knee deformity:
1. Walking on the outer edge of the brick (One feet on one side and other on other side)
2. Names of the yoga exercise which help in treatment of knock knee: Padmasana (Lotus posture), Vatayanasan (Horse face posture), Bhadrasana (Gracious pose) etc.
3. Use of walking callipers may also be beneficial.
4. Keep a pillow between the knees and stand erect for some time.
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