Answer:
A bone fracture is a medical condition where the continuity of the bone is broken. A break in the bone that does not damage surrounding tissue or tear through the skin is known as a closed fracture. On the other hand, one that damages surroundings skin and penetrates the skin is known as a compound fracture or an open fracture.
Classification of Fracture:
(i) Comminuted fracture: The bone is shattered into many pieces.
(ii) Compression (crush) fracture: Generally occurs in the spongy bone in the spine. For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse due to osteoporosis.
(iii) Greenstick fracture: The bone partly fractures on one side, but does not break completely because the rest of the bone can bend. This is more common among children, whose bones are softer and more elastic.5
(iv) Hairline fracture: A partial fracture of the bone. Sometimes this type of fracture is harder to detect with routine X-rays.
(v) Impacted fracture: When the bone is fractured, one fragment of bone goes into another.
(vi) Longitudinal fracture: The break is along the length of the bone.
(vii) Oblique fracture: A fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis.
(viii) Spiral fracture: A fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted.
(ix) Stress fracture: More common among athletes. A bone breaks because of repeated stresses and strains.
(x) Transverse fracture: A straight break right across a bone.
(xi) Complicated fracture: Structures surrounding the fracture are injured.
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