question_answer

How did the 'New International Economic Order' come into being? Which reforms were proposed by UNCTAD in its report in 1972?

Or

Explain any six factors which helped the Soviet Union in becoming a Super-Power after the Second World War.

 

Answer:

Since early 1970?s the issue of new international economic order has been the frontal issue in international relations involving the developing countries (Third World) on one side and the developed countries (first two worlds) on the other side. Developing countries of the third world made persistent demand for the establishment of new international economic order (NIEO). While the South again and again makes a demand for NIEO, the North resists it. The third world countries regard the restructuring of the existing international economic order as the only way to get out of the present problems related to poverty, scarcity, unemployment, underdevelopment and economic problems. NIEO stands for making the international system fair, just and equitable by adopting a code of conduct for the developed countries and by accepting the due rights of the underdeveloped countries.

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development brought out a report in 1972 entitled towards a new trade and policy for development. The report proposed a reform in the global trading system as follows:

(i) The developing countries should be given the control over their natural resources which are exploited.

(ii) The least developing countries should be given access to western markets so that they can sell their products and therefore, make trade more useful for the poorer countries.

(iii) Reduced the cost of technology of the western countries.

(iv) LCDCS should be provided role in international economic institutions.

Or

After the Second World War, Soviet Union became a superpower and U.S.S.R. became the leader of the socialist countries. Following were the factors which helped the Soviet Union in becoming a superpower after the Second World War.

1. In U.S.S.R. economy, was planned and completely controlled by the states.

2. Soviet Union had adequate natural resources.

3. It had modern means of transportation and telecommunication.

4. Citizens of Soviet Union enjoyed all basic needs for public life.

5. It had a powerful and large army.