question_answer

Evaluate any three factors that helped the Congress to continue to dominate the Indian political scenario for almost three decades after independence.

Or

What was Green Revolution? Mention it's any two positive and any two negative consequences.

 

Answer:

After independence the Congress Party dominated the political scene at the centre as well as in states before 1967. Congress secured 364, 371, 361 and 283 seats in the election of 1952, 1957, 1962 and 1967 respectively. The dominance of the Congress was due to many reasons.

(1) The Congress Party was established in 1885 and it played a very important role in National Movement. In fact, history of national movement is almost the history of the Congress Party. Congress Party. Congress Party wholeheartedly fought for Indians independence and did not worry about the sacrifices.

(2) Congress provided able leadership to the Indian masses from 1883 to 194?n The Congress party was led by great personalities Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Mrs. Indira Gandhi etc.

(3) The Congress Party was a well-organised party and no other political party had a well-knir organization.

Or

In 1960?s, India was facing a food crisis due to many reasons. India was dependent on LISA for food and U.S.A. was putting many limitations on Indian?s policies. Indian. Government decided to make India self-sufficient in food. Hence the government adopted a new strategy for agriculture practices that were gradually replaced by modem technology. Use of high-yielding variety seeds and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation are simply called Green Revolution (or) modern agricultural technology. As a result of Green revolution area under improved seeds has gone up from about   15 million hectares during 1970-71 to nearly 75 million hectares, in 1995-96. The new varieties were of a short-term duration and consequently, instead of growing one crop, two crops and sometimes even three crops were grown. The major benefits oi the Green Revolution were experienced mainly in northern and north-western India. Unprecedented enthusiasm has prevailed among farmers in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and Western UP. For new wheat variety seeds, a situation developed in which the demand for seeds by farmers exceeded the supply.

Positive consequence of the Green Revolution:

(1) The major achievement of the Green Revolution was to boost the production of major cereals viz. wheat and rice.

(2) As a result of the Green Revolution, the crop pattern in India has undergone significant changes.

Two negative consequences of Green Revolution:

(1) Green Revolution has led to the concentration of wealth in the hands of top 10 percent of the rural population. Green Revolution had widened the gap between poor and small farmers and rich landlords.

(2) Green Revolution has proved to be a benefit to the medium category peasants because they could receive the advantage of mediation between small farmers and rich landlords.