question_answer

What was Narmada Bachao Andolan? What were its main issues? What democratic strategy did it use to put forward its demands?

Or

In the midst of severe competition and many conflicts in 1989, a consensus appeared to have emerged among most parties. Explain any three point of consensus.

Answer:

The Narmada Valley Project was conceived in 1946, but final planning and work on it started only after the Narmada Water Disputes ?Tribunal passed its order in 1978. The Narmada Project will rank as die largest irrigating project planned and implemented in the world. The Narmada Project consisted of 30 big dams, 135 medium sized dams and 3000 minor dams.

Narmada Project has given rise to a powerful social movement: The movement against the Sardar Sarover Project started in 1985. In 1986, Narmada Dharangrast Samiti (NDS) began to investigate the problem under the leadership of Medha Pateker. They found dial the environmental impact has not been studied, the number of people to be displaced was not known, estimation of land to get irrigation water had been exaggerated, ere. Thus, in 1989, organizations like NDS, Maharashtra Ghati Navnirman Samiti, Narmada Asargrasta Sangharasha Samiti and few others merged to form Narmada Bacho Andolan (NBA). One of the important events in the history of NBA has been filing of a petition against the dam by NBA in 1994. In May 1997, the Supreme Court halted construction of dam, but in its 2000 judgment it gave a go ahead signal. Narmada Bacho Andolan has also become the centre of national and international concerns. In the beginning, the movement demanded proper rehabilitation of all those who were directly or indirectly affected by the Narmada Project. In 2003, the government formulated National Rehabilitation Policy and this is a major achievement of NBA. NBA has been criticized by many on the ground that demand to stop construction of dam is against the process of development. For the development of the area, construction of Narmada Project is very essential.

Or

India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. In India parliamentary democracy is established. For the successful working of parliamentary democracy, political parties are inevitable. In India, multiple party system exists. In July, 2010 the Election Commission recognised six national parries and 45 state level parties. Each party wants to capture power thus, there are competitions and conflicts among the political parties. Conflicts are there because each political party has its own ideology, policies and programmes.

(1) Full faith in constitutional system: All the political parties have full faith in the constitutional system of India. For working under Indian System, it is essential that all parties should have true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India.

(2) Faith in democracy and secularism: All political parties have faith in democratic values. Political parties are interested in capturing political power but through democratic methods.

(3) Policy of non- alignment: There is a consensus on the policy of non- alignment. Non-alignment is the basic principle of India?s foreign policy. Not only Congress but Non-congress governments at the centre have also followed the policy of non-alignment.