question_answer

Describe any three challenging global issues that can only be dealt with when everyone works together.

Or

What is meant by traditional notion of internal and external security?

Answer:

The globalisation does not emerge merely because of the availability of improved communication. There are various global issues that can only be dealt with when every country work together.

(i) Globalisation shifts powers to regulate certain activities from government to international institutions which are direcdy controlled by multinational companies, e.g., when a country is engaged in the business activities of other countries, its government makes agreement with respect to these countries separately.

(ii) Globalisation also compels many governments to change legislation and constitution. The private sector multinational companies often are compelled to do away with certain rules and regulations that safeguards the rights of working people and environment.

(iii) While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of globalisation. The same process also generates precisely the opposite effects. It leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is cultural hetrogenisation. The cultural globalisation has made negative impact on Indian culture. This has taken form of objecting particularly to various cultural influences - ranging from the availability of foreign TV channels showing explicit sexual pictures etc, celebration of western culture and westernisation of the dress tastes of girl students in school and college.

Or

(i) Traditional security is mainly concerned with the use or threat of use of military force. In traditional security, force is both the principle threat to security and principles of achieving security.

(ii) Creation and substance of alliance belong to the traditional security. An alliance is a coalition of states that coordinate this action to deter or defend against military attack.

Traditional security perspective emphasises on compromises to limit the violence by giving three choices to the state if security is threatened:

(i) To surrender when actually confronted by war, but they will not advertise this as the policy of the country.

(ii) To prevent the other side from attacking by promising to raise the costs of war to an unacceptable limit.

(iii) To defend to protect itself when war actually breaks out so as to deny the attacking country its objectives or to turn back or to defeat the attacking forces altogether.