question_answer

Mention any six Post-Cold War changes that have necessitated reforms to make the United Nations work better.

Or

What is meant by cooperative security? How can this be made more effective?

Answer:

Presently, United Nation has 192 member states. The UN?s most visible public figure, and the representative had, is the General Secretary Antonio Guterres who is ex-Prime Minister of Portugal. Reform and improvements are fundamental to any organisation to serve the needs of a changing environment and post-cold war changes has necessitated the reforms.

The UN was established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War. The way it was organised and the way it functioned reflected the realities of world politics after the Second World War. After the cold war, those realities are different. Here are some of the changes that have occurred:

(i) The Soviet Union has collapsed.

(ii) The US is the strongest power.

(iii) The relationship between, Russia, the successor to the Soviet Union, and the US is much more cooperative.

(iv) China is fast emerging as a great power, and India also is growing rapidly.

(v) The economies of Asia are growing at an unprecedented rate.

(vi) Many new countries has joined the UN (as they became independent from the Soviet Union or former communist states in Eastern Europe).

(vii) A whole new set of challenges confronts the world (Genocide, civil war, ethnic conflict:, terrorism, nuclear proliferation, climate change, environmental degradation, epidemics).

Or

Cooperative security is the involvement of international cooperation depending on the nature of the threat and to willingness and ability of countries to respond.

Military force may have a role to play in combating terrorism or in enforcing human rights. But it is difficult to see what force would do to help alleviate poverty, manage migration, refugee movements and control epidemics. Here, in most cases, the use of military force would only make matter worse. Far more effective is to devise strategies that involve international cooperation. Cooperative security may also involve a variety of other players, born national and international - international organisations such as L?N; world Health Organisation, World Bank. IMF etc,, non- governmental organisations like Amnesty Imemanonal, the Red Cross, Private foundations and charities, churches, religious organisations, trade unions, associations etc., businesses and corporations.

Cooperative security may involve the use of force as last resort. It is to agree that the use of violence (by forces) is acceptable against international terrorists and those who harbour them.

Non-traditional security is much better when the use of force is sanctioned and applied collectively by the international community rather than when an individual country decides to use force on its own.