question_answer

Examine the hegemony of the United States as a hard power.

Or

Analyse the working of democracy in Pakistan.

Answer:

Hegemony is an international system to dominate world by only one superpower. United states have the hard power hegemony through its military capability.

(1) U.S. today has military capabilities dial can reach any point on the planet accurately and in real time.

(2) U.S. today spends more on its military capabilities than the other 12 powers combined. Furthermore, a large - chunk of the Pentagon?s budget goes into military research and development, in other words technology.

(3) Thus, the military dominance of the US is not just based on higher military spending but on a qualitative gap, a technological chasm that no power can-, at present, conceivably span.

(4) The U.S. invasion of Iraq shows that the American capacity to conquer is formidable. Similarly, the US. Capabilities to deter and to punish is self-evident. More than 40 countries joined in the US led "coalition of the willing" after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion. Thus, no country can deny the U.S. superiority in the world politics.

Or

Working of democracy in Pakistan:

(1) After Pakistan framed its? first constitution, General Ayyub Khan took over the administration of the country and soon got himself elected. He had to quit the office when there was agitations and dis-satisfaction in his rule. This gave a way to the military take over the government of the country.

(2) After 1971, an elected government was formed under the leadership of Zulfikar Ah Bhutto, which was removed by the General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977.

(3) Again in 1982, in Pakistan, by a pro-democracy protest, democratic government was established in 1988, under the leadership of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif. Later on, history repeated and General Pervez Musharraf again took the command in 1999 and got elected in 2005.

(4) It is, therefore, is said that military rule and democracy are two sides of the Coin. Though Pakistan?s politics centered around the competition between People?s party and Muslim League. Several factors have contributed to Pakistan?s failure in building a stable democracy.