Answer:
Social facilitation research suggests that presence of others leads to rousal and can motivate individuals to enhance their performance if they are already good at something. This enhancement occurs when a persons efforts are individually evaluated. It has been found that individuals work less hard in a group than they do when performing alone. This phenomenon is referred to as ?social loafing?. Social loafing is a reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task.
For example, in the game of tug-of-war, it is not possible for you to identify how much force each member of the team has been exciting. Such situations give opportunities to group members to relax and become a free rider.
Social loafing has been demonstrated by Latane and his associates in my experiments, who asked group of male students to clap or cheer as loudly as possible as they were interested in knowing how much noise people make in social settings. They varied the group size; individuals were either alone, or in groups of two, four and six. The results of the study showed that although the total amount of noise rose up, as size increased, the amount of noise produced by each participant dropped. In other words, each participant put in less effort as the group size increased.
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