| How do Mendel's experiments show that the |
| (a) traits may be dominant or recessive, |
| (b) traits are inherited independently? |
Answer:
(a) When Mendel cross pollinated pure tall pea plants with pure dwarf pea plants, only tall plants were obtained in \[{{F}_{1}}\] generation in 3:1 ratio. Thus appearence of tall character in both \[{{F}_{1}}\] and \[{{F}_{2}}\] shows that it is a dominant character. The absence of dwarf in \[{{F}_{1}}\] generation reappears in \[{{F}_{2}}\] shows dwarfness in the recessive character
(b) When Mendel conducted a dihybrid cross having two sets of characters, he obtained only one set of parental characters in \[{{F}_{1}}\] generation where as in \[{{F}_{2}}\] generation he obtained both the set of parental characters as 9:3:3:1 ratio. Thus appearance of new generation or recombinants in the \[{{F}_{2}}\] generation along with parental type shows that traits are inherited independently.
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