question_answer

Highlight any three circumstances that led to the intermingling of the hearing culture and the reading culture.

Or

How did the historical novels in India try to create a sense of Pan-Indian belonging?

Answer:

Circumstances that led to the intermingling of the hearing culture and the reading culture:

(i) With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Printing reduced the cost of books. Access to books created a new culture of reading. Earlier reading was restricted to the elite.

(ii) Common people lived in a world of oral culture. They heard sacred texts read out, ballads recited and folktales narrated. Knowledge was transferred orally.

(iii) Printers began publishing popular ballads and folk tales, illustrated with pictures. These were sung and recited at gatherings. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted.

Or

(i) In India, many novels were written for glorification of India?s past, to create a sense of national pride among people and a sense of collective belonging.

(ii) Many novels were written in all the main Indian languages in different parts of the country that helped the growth of national feelings among the readers of the entire nation and propagated the    idea of uprooting the foreign rule.

(iii) Some of the greatest novelists of modern India were protagonists of the national movement like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. He infused the ideas of nationalism and freedom from colonial rule in novels like ?Anandamath? and ?Kapalkundala. Several other novelists wrote for the same cause.

(iv) The novels also helped in the nation building process by taking up the cause of the poor and downtrodden people, women and such sections of society who were being exploited by rich aristocratic people.

(v) Novels also attacked the racial superiority of the SOCIAL SCIENCE people who considered the Indian culture as inferior. Novels took up the cause of nationalism and urged the people to be true to their culture and fight for the freedom of their country.