question_answer

Highlight any three innovations which have unproved the printing technology from nineteenth century onwards.

Or

Describe the growth of Hindi novels from their origin to the period of excellence.

Answer:

Three innovations which have improved the printing technology from nineteenth century onwards:

(i) The quality of printing plates became better and methods of feeding paper improved.

(ii) Automatic paper reels and photoelectric controls of the colour register were introduced.

(iii) The accumulation of several individual mechanical improvements transformed the appearance of printed texts.

Or

Growth of Hindi novels from origin to period of excellence:

(i) In the north, Bharatendu Harishchandra encouraged many poets and writers torecreate and translate novels from other languages. The first modern novel was written Srinivas Das of Delhi, who published his novel ?Pariksha Guru? in 1872. The novel cautioned young men of well to do families against bad company. The young    were urged to cultivate the ?healthy habit? of reading newspapers. The novel could not win many readers as it was too moralising.

(ii) The writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri created a novel-reading public in Hindi. His bestseller ?Chandrakanta? a romantic fantasy contributed to popularising Hindi language and the Nagari script among the educated.

(iii) With the writing of Premchand, Hindi novels achieved excellence. He drew on the traditional art of Kisa-goi (story telling). His novel ?Sewasadan? lifted the Hindi novel to a serious reflection on the lives of ordinary people and social issues.