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question_answer1) Who are Nomads?
question_answer2) Who were Guyar Bakarwals?
question_answer3) What is a 'kafila'?
question_answer4) Name the shepherds of Himachal Pradesh, who have cycle of seasonal movement.
question_answer5) What is 'Bhabar'?
question_answer6) What does 'BugyaI' mean?
question_answer7) Name the pastoral communities of Himalayas known for cyclical movement for the pastures.
question_answer8) Who were 'Dhangars'?
question_answer9) What were the main occupations of 'Dhangars'?
question_answer10) Which pastoral tribes live in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh?
question_answer11) What were their main occupations?
question_answer12) Who are 'Banjaras'?
question_answer13) Which pastoral nomads live in the deserts of Rajasthan?
question_answer14) What are the main occupations of Raikas?
question_answer15) How did the life of nomadic pastoralists change dramatically?
question_answer16) Give one advantage of changing grazing lands into cultivated farms by British in India.
question_answer17) What were 'Waste Land Rules'?
question_answer18) Which forests were declared 'Reserved Forests'?
question_answer19) Which forests were classified as 'Protected Forests'?
question_answer20) What kind of permit was given to the pastoralists by the forest department?
question_answer21) What was the Criminal Tribes Act?
question_answer22) What was the source of taxation for the colonial government?
question_answer23) Where have Raikas migrated after the partition of India?
question_answer24) Name the pastoral communities of Africa.
question_answer25) What do these African pastoral communities do for a living?
question_answer26) Which areas were covered under Maasailand before colonial times?
question_answer27) How was Maasailand divided by the colonial powers?
question_answer28) What was the condition of Maasai after White settlements in their grazing lands?
question_answer29) Name the national parks set up in place of grazing lands by colonial powers.
question_answer30) What does Maasai mean?
question_answer31) What were the social categories into which Maasai society was divided?
question_answer32) Who were called 'The Elders' in Maasai society?
question_answer33) Who were called 'The Warriors' among Maasai community?
question_answer34) What was the significance of Raiding in Maasai Society?
question_answer35) How could warriors prove their manliness?
question_answer36) Who are nomads? Give an example.
question_answer37) Describe the seasonal movement of Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh.
question_answer38) How did the Gujyar cattle herders of Garhwal and Kumaon go in search for pastures?
question_answer39) Describe the lifestyle of the pastoralists of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
question_answer40) What do you know about the Banjaras of North India?
question_answer41) How were 'Wasteland Rules' enacted?
question_answer42) Why did the colonial government in India pass the Criminal Tribes Act?
question_answer43) How were the criminal tribes controlled by the British government?
question_answer44) How were taxes collected by the British from the pastoralists?
question_answer45) How did the changes brought about by colonial rule affect the lives of pastoralists?
question_answer46) How did the pastoralists react to the changes brought about by colonial rule?
question_answer47) What restrictions were imposed on the pastoralists by the colonial government?
question_answer48) How does drought affect the life of pastoralists? Explain
question_answer49) How were the Maasais restricted to a confined area by the colonial people?
question_answer50) How did poor pastoralists live without their livestock?
question_answer51) Why did pastoral nomads of Jammu and Kashmir migrate?
question_answer52) What do you know about Tanganyika?
question_answer53) Which grazing lands of Kenya were converted into national parks?
question_answer54) How did the warriors of Maasai land defend their community?
question_answer55) How was pastoral community of the world affected by changes in the modern world?
question_answer56) How did pastoralists adapt to new times?
question_answer57) How do Gujjar Bakarwals spend their life on the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir?
question_answer58) What lifestyle did the Dhangars-the pastoral community of Maharashtra- follow?
question_answer59) Discuss how the life of pastoralists changed dramatically under the colonial rule.
question_answer60) How did the Maasa is of northern Kenya lose their grazing lands? Or Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
question_answer61) Describe the social division of the Maasais.
question_answer62) How did the British carry out the administration of the Maasais?
question_answer63) In what ways was cultivation practised in Maharashtra by Dhangars?
question_answer64) How did Raikas of Rajasthan practise cattle rearing?
question_answer65) Which factors affected the lives of pastoral groups of Rajasthan?
question_answer66) Discuss why the colonial government in India brought Forest Acts and explain how the law changed the lives of Pastoralists?
question_answer67) Who were Banjaras? Describe the life of Banjaras.
question_answer68) What do you know about pastoralists communities of Africa?
question_answer69) Who were Maasais?
question_answer70) Which similarities are observed in the lifestyles of the Pastoralists of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh? Describe.
question_answer71) Who are pastoral nomads? Explain the life style and occupational activities of pastoral nomads of deserts of Rajasthan.
question_answer72) Gujjar Bakarwals, the pastoral nomads are from (a) Himachal (b) Garhwal and Kumaon (c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Madhya Pradesh
question_answer73) High meadows in Garhwal and Kumaon are called (a) Bugyals (b) Kafilas (c) Raikas (d) Bhabar
question_answer74) What is a 'stubble'? (a) Spring crop usually harvested after March (b) Crop grown during summer (c) Lower ends of grain stalks left in the ground after harvesting (d) Settlements in the dry plateau region
question_answer75) The Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania were turned into (a) Grazing land (b) Game reserves (c) Cultivated land (d) Settlement areas
question_answer76) Who are the pastoral nomadic communities of Jammu and Kashmir?
question_answer77) What is a Bhabar?
question_answer78) What is Bugyal?
question_answer79) When was the Criminal Tribes Act passed?
question_answer80) What is man dap?
question_answer81) Who are Raikas?
question_answer82) What is Dhandi?
question_answer83) In which of the continent of the world, about half of the population lives as pastoralists?
question_answer84) In which part of India Gaddi shepherd live?
question_answer85) In which type of forests, no pastoral activity was allowed?
question_answer86) Where do the Maasai cattle herders live?
question_answer87) What is Kharif Crop?
question_answer88) In which state Dhangars are found?
question_answer89) Name some pastoral communities of Africa.
question_answer90) Name some pastoral communities at the Himalayas.
question_answer91) What is Rabi Crop?
question_answer92) What is Stubble?
question_answer93) Name some pastoral communities of the central plateau of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
question_answer94) Where is Samburu National Park located?
question_answer95) What does the word 'Maasai' mean?
question_answer96) Where is Serengeti National Park located?
question_answer97) What was the tax imposed by colonists on pastoralists?
question_answer98) How do you define nomadic pastoralists?
question_answer99) Why were the Maasai tribes pushed into a small area in South Kenya andr North Tanzania?
question_answer100) What is meant by 'Reserved Forest?
question_answer101) What were the Wasteland Rules?
question_answer102) How was the Maasai society divided?
question_answer103) Name the state from which Gaddi shepherds hail.
question_answer104) Who were Banjaras?
question_answer105) Why did feeding the cattle become a persistent problem for the Maasais?
question_answer106) Dhangars were an important pastoral community of Maharashtra In the early 20th century, their population in this region was estimated to be 467000. Most of them were shepherds, some were blanket weavers and still others were buffalo herders. The Dhangar shepherds stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. This was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil. It was covered with thorny scrub. [Nothing but dry crops like bajra could be sown here. In the monsoon, this tract became a vast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. Read the above passage and answer the following questions (a) Give two main features about the lifestyle of Dhangars community of Maharashtra. (b) What lesson/values do you learn from the given passage?
question_answer107) What was the occupation of the Pastoral Communities of Karnataka and Aridhra Pradesh?
question_answer108) Write a comment on the closure of the forests to grazing from the standpoint of (a) a forester (b) a pastoralist
question_answer109) (a) Who were Dhangars? (b) What were their occupations? (c) Why were they continuously on the move?
question_answer110) (a) Who were the Banjaras? (b) Name any two states where they were found. (c) Name a pastoral community of Rajasthan.
question_answer111) Explain the annual movement of the Gujjar Bakarwals.
question_answer112) Why did Raikas combine cultivation with pastoralism? Explain any three reasons.
question_answer113) Distinguish between 'Reserved Forests' and 'Protected Forests'.
question_answer114) What factors had to be kept in mind by the pastoralists in order to survive?
question_answer115) Where did the Gaddi shepherds live? Describe the seasonal movement of the Gaddis.
question_answer116) Explain any five factors responsible for the annual movement of the Dhangars. Or Examine the migration pattern of the Dhangar community of Maharashtra. Under what condition do they return to their homeland? Or Explain the annual seasonal movement of the Dhangars.
question_answer117) Describe any three features of the life of African pastoralists.
question_answer118) In winter, when the high mountains were covered with snow, they lived with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The Dry Scrub forests here provided pasture for their herds. By the end of April, they began their Northern March for their summer grazing grounds. Several households came together for this journey, forming what is known as a kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the valley of Kashmir. Read the above passage and answer the following questions (a) Give two reasons for the seasonal movement of Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir. (b) What values do you imbibe from the above passage?
question_answer119) What is the difference between the annual movement of the Gollas of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh from the Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir?
question_answer120) How did drought affect the life of pastoralists?
question_answer121) Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another? What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
question_answer122) Imagine you are living in the 1890s. You belong to a community of nomadic pastoralists and craftsmen. You learn that the government has declared your community as a Criminal Tribe. (a) Describe briefly what you would have felt and done. (b) Write a petition to the local collector explaining why the Act is unjust and how it will affect your life.
question_answer123) What are some of the problems that pastoralist face in the modern world? How have these groups adopted to the new times?
question_answer124) Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
question_answer125) There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.
question_answer126) How did the pasture lands decline in India? Describe the impact of the shortage of pasture land on the lives of pastoralists.
question_answer127) Why did the cattle stock of the Maasai's decrease under colonial rule?
question_answer128) Discuss why the Colonial Government in India brought in the following laws. In each case explain how the law changed the lives of the pastoralists. (a) Wasteland Rules (b) Forest Acts (c) Criminal Tribes Act (d) Grazing Tax Or Under colonial rule the life of pastoralists changed drammatically. Explain four reasons. Or How did the life of pastoralists change drammatically under colonial rule?
question_answer129) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter the markets in white areas'. Explain its impact on the pastoralists of Africa.
question_answer130) (a) Why did the British introduced 'Wasteland Rules'? (b) What values/lesson you have learnt from the implementation of Wastelands Rule?
question_answer131) How did the pastoralists cope with the serious shortage of pastures? Explain.
question_answer132) Imagine that it is 1950 and you are a 60 years old Raika herder living in post-Independence India. You are telling your grand-daughter about the changes which have taken place in your lifestyle after Independence. What would you say?
question_answer133) Where were the Banjaras found and what was their occupation?
question_answer134) The Gujjar cattle herders live in the ___ made of 'ringaV, a hill bamboo and grass from Bugyal. (a) Mandaps (b) Chawals (c) Jhuggis (d) Huts
question_answer135) The___ peasants of the coastal region provided rice to Dhangar shepherds. (a) Konkani (b) Rajasthani (c) Kurubas (d) Raikas
question_answer136) Which animals are reared by the Kurumas and Kurubas?
question_answer137) Name any three important pastoral nomadic communities found in India in the mountains, plains, plateau and desert regions.
question_answer138) Read Sources A and B. Source A Writing in the 1850s, G C Barnes gave the following description of the Gujjars of Kangra: In the hills the Gujjars are exclusively a pastoral tribe . They cultivate scarcely at all. The Gaddis keep flocks of sheep and goats and the Gujjars, wealth consists of buffaloes. These people live in the skirts of the forests and maintain their existence exclusively by the sale of the milk, ghee and other produce of their herds. The men graze the cattle and frequently lie out for weeks in the woods tending their herds. The women went to the markets every morning with baskets on their heads, with little earthen pots filled with milk, butter-milk and ghee, each of these pots containing the proportion required for a days meal. During the hot weather the Gujjars usually drive their herds to the upper range, where the buffaloes rejoice in the rich grass which the rains bring forth and at the same time attain condition from the temperate climate and the immunity from venomous flies that torment their existence in the plains. From: G C Barnes, Settlement Report of Kangra, 1850-55. Source B The accounts of many travellers tell us about the life of pastoral groups. In the early 19th century, Buchanan visited the Gollas during his travel through Mysore. He wrote: 'Their families live in small villages near the skirt of the woods, where they cultivate a little ground and keep some of their cattle, selling in the towns the produce of the dairy. Their families are very numerous, seven to eight young men in each being common. Two or three of these attend the flocks in the woods, while the remainder cultivate their fields and supply the towns with firewood and with straw for thatch.' From Francis Hamilton Buchanan, A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Canara and Malabar (London, 1807). (a) Write briefly about what they tell you about the nature of the work undertaken by men and women in pastoral households. (b) Why do you think pastoral groups often live on the edges of forests?
question_answer139) Find out the locations of different pastoral communities in India.
question_answer140) Find out the location of different pastoral communities of Africa.
question_answer141) Do you think pastoral community of the world can be affected by all the incoming modern changes in the lifestyles?
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