question_answer 76)

        (a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydro carbons with two examples each. (c) What is functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.

Answer:

                    (a) The compounds that are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons, e.g., methane ,ethene. Ethyne, cyclohexane, benzene etc. (b) In saturated hydrocarbons, all the four valencies of carbon are satisfied by a single covalent bond while in unsaturated hydrocarbons, double or triple bonds are required to satisfy the valencies, e.g., (i)Saturated hydrocarbons Methane ,    Ethane ) (ii) Unsaturated hydrocarbons Ethene, Ethyne (c) A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that defines the structure (or the properties) of organic compounds, the four examples are (i)                                Alcohol (ii) ?COOH                         Carboxylic acid (iii) ?CHO                           Aldehyde (iv)                                Halogens