Answer:
(a) Synaptonemal
complexes are zipper-structures which are assembled between homologous
chromosomes during the prophase of the first meiosis. Their assembly and
disassembly correlate with the successive chromatin rearrangements of meiotic prophase
namely the condensation, pouring, recombination and dysfunction of homologous
chromosomes.
They are considered
to be the structures that control the number and distribution of reciprocal
exchanges between homolgous chromosomes. They also are known to convert cross
over into functional chiasmata .
(b) In metaphase,
the centromeres of the chromosomes assemble themselves on the metaphase plate
(equatorial plate), an imaginary line that is equidistant from two centrosome
poles. This even alignment is due to the opposing kinetochore microtubules. At
this plate, chromosomers, especially sisterchromatids are attached to the
bundle of four to eight spindle fibres.
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