question_answer 43)

  Mention the difference between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Answer:

                Differences between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are as follows

Hypothyroidism	Hyperthyroidism
It is the insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones causing cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults	This syndrome arises as the body tissues and are exposed to excessive levels and . The main effects are due to increased metabolic rate. The gland enlarges and may develop single or multiple hormone secreting cells such as in Grave's disease and toxic nodular goitre
Cretinism is associated with the retarded mental and physical development. The child receives hormones from the mother before birth, so appears normal at first, but within a few weeks or months, it becomes evident that physical and mental development is retarded. Symptoms are disproportionately short limbs, a large protruding tongue, coarse dry skin, poor abdominal muscle tone and an umbilical harnia.	Exophthalmic goitre (Grave's disease) is the most common cause solid of thyrotoxicosis in adults. It affects, women more commonly than men. High levels of thyroxine are secreted, which are not subjected to the normal secretion of TRH from the hypothalamus and TSH from the anterior pituitary.  Exophthalamus (Protrusion of the eyeballs) due to the deposition of excess fat and fibrous tissue behind the eyes, is often present in Grave's disease. In severe cases, the eyelids may not completely cover the eyes during blinking of the conjuctiva and thus, predisposed to infection.
Myxoedema (Gull's disease), this conditions is common in adults and five times more common in females than in males. It results in an abnormally low metabolic rate and lack of response to demand for increased energy, by muscles, during exercise. Mental and physical processes become slower, skin become coarse, the hair lacks lustre, becomes brittle and tends to fall out.	Toxic nodular goitre (Plummer's disease) is associated with excess secretion of thyroxine leading 1.0 the general effects of increased metabolic rate.