Answer:
The functioning of the
kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH),
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) and Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF).
(a) Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis, facilitates water
reabsorption from latter parts of tubule, i.e., distal convoluted tubule and collecting
duct by increasing the permeability to water and salt and by accelerating water
and ion transfer in a direction determined by the osmotic gradient.
(b) Juxta
Glomerular Apparatus (JGA) operates a multihormonal. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone
System (RAAS). JG cells secrete an enzyme, renin, which, changes plasma protein
called angiotensinogen to a peptide called angiotensin I and further to angiotensin
II, which works as a hormone.
Angiotensin
II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor increases the glomerular blood pressure
and thereby GFR. It also stimulate's soduim absorption by proximal tubules.
(c)
Angiotensin II also activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
Aldosterone induces the distal convoluted tubule to absorb more Na4"
and water.
(d) Atrial,
Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is produced by the atria of heart. It regulates blood
flow by causing vasodilation and increasing sodium excretion. It is also
involved in checking , of renin-angiotensin mechanism.
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