Answer:
(a) Artificial
induction in leguminous and non-leguminous plants have been tried by
scientists. It's success rate is very low because gene expression is highly
specific phenomenon.
Even if desired gene
is introduced, it may not work because conditions for its expressions are very
specific.
(b)
Symbiotic mutualistic relationship (mutualism) is found between the pine roots
and mycorrhiza as both are benefitted mutually.
(c) Yes,
microbe has to be in close association, to develop a physical relationship for
example Rhizobium gets into the root and involve root tissues, then only helps
in nitrogen-fixation.
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