Answer:
(a) Functions of ureters in frog In male frog, two ureters emerge from the kidneys. The ureters act as urinogenital duct which opens into the cloaca. Thus, the ureters carry both sperms and excretory wastes to the cloaca. In female frog, the ureters and oviduct open separately in the cloaca. The ureters in frog, thus acts as carrier of sperms and ova.
(b) Functions of Malpighian tubules of cockroach Excretion is carried out by Malpighian tubules. Each tubule is lined by glandular cells. They absorb excretory waste products and converts them into uric acid which is excreted out through the hindgut.
(c) Functions of body wall of earthworm The body wall of earthworm has five layers-cuticle, epidermis, circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer, peritoneum.
(i) Cuticle is a non-cellular elastic layer.
(ii) The columnar cells of provide support and therefore, are also known as supporting cells.
(iii) Epidermis also has gland cells, receptor cells and basal cells.
(iv) The glandular cell secrete mucus and thus, keep the skin moist, this help in cutaneous respiration.
(v) The last layer of the body wall is the outer membrane of the coelom called coelomic epithelium. The various muscle layers of the body wall provide strength and rigidity.
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