Answer:
The interspecific interaction are of three
types positive or beneficial, negative or antagonistic and last neutral
interaction.
Some positive interactions are
scavenging, commensalism, proto cooperation and mutualism,
Mutualism This interaction
confers benefits on both the interacting species, e.g.,
(i) Lichens represent an intimate
mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesizing algae or
cyanobacteria.
(ii) The mycorrhizae are
associations between fungi and the roots of higher plants. The fungi help the
plant in the absorption of essential nutrients from the soil while the plant in
turn provides the fungi with energy-yielding carbohydrates.
(iii) Plants offer nectar; juicy
and nutritious fruits to animals that help pollinate their flowers and disperse
their seeds.
Commensalism This is the
interaction in which one species benefits without affecting the other, e.g.
(i) An orchid growing as an
epiphyte on a mango branch.
(ii) Barnacles growing on the
back of a whale.
(iii) The cattle egret foraging
close to the cattle that stir up and flush out insects from the vegetation.
(iv) Sea anemone that has
stinging tentacles and the clown fish that lives among them to get protection
from predators.
Scavenging is the act of
feeding by scavenger like bacteria, fungi on the remain of dead animals.
Proto cooperation in the
type of relationship in which both partners mutually obtain benefits.
But they associate purely to
benefit from each other and can live without each other.
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