Answer:
T H Morgan (1866-1945) was given the
Nobel Prize in 1933.
His contributions are;
(i) Morgan worked on fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster and proposed the chromosomal theory of linkage.
(ii) He stated and established
that genes are located on the chromosome.
(iii) He established the
principle of linkage, crossing over, sex-linked inheritance and discovered the
relation between gene and chromosome.
(iv) He established the
technique of chromosome mapping.
(v) He observed and worked on
mutation.
Alfred Henry Sturtevant
(1891-1970) student of morgan was given the National Medal of Science in 1967.
His contributions are
(i) He constructed the first
genetic map of a chromosome while working on the Drosophilagenome.
(ii) His main contributions to
science include his analysis of genetic linkage groups,' which became classical
method of chromosome mapping that is still used today. In 1913, he determined
that genes were arranged on chromosomes in a linear fashion, like bead son a
necklace. He also showed that the gene for any specific trait was in a fixed
location(locus).
(iii) His work on Drosophila
proved that two closely related species showed newly recurring mutations that
were allelic and thus probably identical. His work also helped to determine
genetic role in sexual selection and development and displayed the importance
of chromosomal crossing over in mutations.
(iv) One of Sturtevant's
principal contributions was his introduction to the concept that the frequency
of crossing over between two genes could help to determine their proximity on a
linear genetic map. His experiments determined that the frequency of double-crossing
over can be used to deduce gene order.
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