Answer:
With ever increasing population of
the world, enhancement of food production is a major necessity. Modern
biological principles as applied to animal husbandry and plant breeding have a
major role in our efforts to increase food production. These modern techniques include
embryo transfer technology and tissue culture techniques.
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer
Technology (MOET) is a programme for herd improvement in animals like cattle, sheep,
rabbits, buffaloes, mares, etc.
High milk-yielding breeds of
female are bred with high quality meat-yielding (meat with lesslipid) bulls to
increase herd size. It ensures good quality of progeny. It is also economic and
time saving process to obtain the desirable progeny.
The procedure for MOET is as follows
(i)
A cow is administered hormones with FSH-like activity to induce follicular
maturation and super-ovulation.
(ii)
The cow produces 6-8 eggs instead of one egg produced normally.
(iii)
It is now, either mated with an elite bull or artificial insemination is
carried out.
(iv)
When the fertilized eggs attain 8-32 cells stage, they are non-surgically
removed and transferred to a surrogate mother.
(v)
The genetic mother can now be again super ovulated.
Modem methods in plant breeding
involves following
(i)
Tissue culture is an in vitro technique of regeneration of a whole plant from
any part of aplant (explant) by growing it on culture medium under aseptic
conditions.
(ii)
Biofortification is the method for developing crops with higher levels of
vitamins,minerals, proteins and healthier fats to improve public health.
(iii)
Single cell protein is an alternative protein source for animal and human
nutrition fromcertain beneficial microorganisms like Spirulina.
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