Answer:
Planning and controlling are inseparable. Planning is the primary function of every organisation it is the thinking process, which mean looking ahead or making plans that how desired goal is achieved in future thus it is called a formed looking function on the other hand controlling is a systematic function which measures the actual performance with the planned performance. It compared and analysed the whole process of an organisation and take correcting actions. Thus, it is a backward looking function but the statement "Planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back" is partially correct because it should be understood that planning is glided by past experiences and the corrective action initiated by control function which aims to improve future performance. Thus, planning and controlling are both backward looking as well as a forward looking function.
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