question_answer 32)

  The cell organelle involved in forming complex sugars from simple sugars are (a) endoplasmic reticulum                                           (b) ribosomes (c) plastids                                                                          (d) Golgi apparatus

Answer:

  (d) Golgi body was first discovered by Camillo Golgi. Golgi bodies, or Golgi complex are formed by stacks of flattened (saucer-shaped) membranes or flattened sacs called cisternae. Golgi bodies are usually called dictyosomes in plants. Golgi apparatus is absent in bacteria, blue-green algae, mature sperms and red blood cells of mammals and other animals. The Golgi apparatus arises from the membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn originates from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The proximal Golgi saccules (cisternae at cis face) are formed by fusion of ER-derived vesicles, while distal saccules (cisternae at trans face) "give their all" to vesicle formation and disappear. Thus, Golgi saccules are constantly and rapidly renewed. The main functions of Golgi apparatus are (i) They store, modify, package and condense the proteins synthesized in the ribosomes. (ii) They form the cell plate during the cell division. (iii) They set aside digestive enzymes in tiny membrane bound vesicles which later become lysosomes. (iv) They synthesise some polysaccharides for the cell membrane.