Answer:
(b) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the
human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. HIV gradually reduces the efficiency of
the human immune system, i.e., it destroys the body's ability to fight disease.
This makes the body vulnerable to other life-threatening diseases that finally
cause the patient's death. The options
(a), (c) and (d) shows the mode of
transmission of AIDS virus.
HIV is transmitted through blood, semen and breast milk. Thus, a person
can get infected with HIV by transfusion of infected blood, sharing of needle
with an infected person or having sexual intercourse with an infected person.
An unborn child can get the infection from the mother or a mother's milk can
infect an infant.
HIV is not spread by touching an infected person, nor can
it be spread by breathing in the virus when the patient coughs or sneezes.
The common symptoms of AIDS are swollen lymph glands, weight
loss, frequent fever, night sweats and diarrhoea. The disease may effect the
central nervous system, which may cause memory loss and difficulty in speaking.
No drug has yet been developed to cure AIDS. A patient is
usually given a combination of drugs that manage to slow down the progress of
the disease.
To prevent HIV infection, we should follow the safe
practices given below
(i) We should make sure that the blood used in transfusion
for our family members or us has been screened for HIV. Blood banks and
hospitals should test potential blood donors for HIV.
(ii) Disposable needles and syringes should be used.
(iii) One should not share shaving blades or razors.
(iv) One should not have multiple sex partners. Condoms
can be used to prevent the transmission through HIV sexual fluids.
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