Answer:
The baker had forgotten to add baking powder.
Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) and a
mild edible acid such as tartaric acid. When this baking powder is added with
water, then sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) reacts with tartaric
acid to evolve carbon dioxide gas. This CO2 gas causes the cake to
rise and become soft and spongy.
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