Answer:
(a) Some
of the disorders related to the cardio-vascular system in human beings are
(i) Hypertension It is commonly called as high blood pressure. It is a
condition when blood pressure of a person remains higher than the normal value
over a long period of time. High blood pressure can harm three vital organs- kidneys,
heart and brain.
(ii) Atherosclerosis It involves the deposition of lipids
(mainly cholesterol derivatives) called plaques on the inner coronary arteries.
This reduces the amount of blood supplies the heart muscles.
(iii) Arteriosclerosis It refers to the hardening of arteries
due to certain depositions and thickening. The flexibility and lumen size of arteries
get reduced.
(iv) Heart Attack In atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis
or in coronary thrombosis, the size of the lumen of coronary artery is reduced very
much.
The blood passes through these arteries with difficulty
and cause severe pain. Under this situation the heart muscles are not supplied
with an adequate amount of oxygen.
This results in the death of some of the cardiac muscles.
This is called heart attack.
(v) Heart block The mechanical injury or damage to heart
due to some disease may sometimes result into heart block. Usually the condition
is corrected within a few seconds. If the condition take a longer time to be normalised,
it may be life threatening. (4)
(b) The values shown by Seema are awareness, ready for
taking initiative and responsible. (1)
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