Answer:
(i) The
respiration which needs oxygen or occurs in the presence of oxygen is called
aerobic respiration. During this type of respiration, glucose is broken down
into carbon dioxide and water with the release of considerable amount of
energy. The energy is stored in the form of ATP. It consists of two steps:
(a) Glycolysis: The conversion of glucose into
pyruvate (or pyruvic acid) is called glycolysis. It occurs in the cytoplasm.
(b) Kreb's Cycle: It is the process of converting
pyruvate into CO2 and H2O along with the release of
considerable amount of energy. It occurs in the mitochondria. One molecule of
glucose liberates 38 ATP of energy during aerobic respiration.
(ii) The respiration which takes place in the absence of
oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. During this respiration glucose is
broken down into ethyl alcohol and CO2 with the release of very
small amount of energy. In anaerobic respiration, one molecule of oxygen
produces only 2 ATP of energy. This type of respiration occurs in microscopic
organisms like yeast, etc.
In human beings, the energy is obtained by aerobic
respiration but sometimes anaerobic respiration occurs in muscles during
vigorous exercise when oxygen gets consumed faster than its supply by the
blood. During the anaerobic respiration in the muscles the glucose is converted
into lactic acid with the release of 2ATP of energy.
Anaerobic respiration in human beings:
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