Answer:
(i)
Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents
discharged into rivers.
(ii) The main culprits are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum
refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes,
detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides,
fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into
the water bodies.
(iii) Fly ash, phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags are
the major solid wastes in India.
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