Answer:
(i)
Lack of internal democracy:
(a) All over the world, there is a
tendency of political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few
leaders at the top.
(b) Parties do not keep membership register.
(c) They do not regularly hold organisational meetings.
(d) They do not conduct internal elections regularly.
(e) Ordinary members of the party do not have sufficient
information as to what happens inside the party.
(f) As a result, the leaders assume greater power to make
decisions in the name of the party.
(ii) No transparency:
(a) Since most political parties do not
practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning, there are very
few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party.
(b) Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair
advantage to favour people close to them or even their family members.
(c) In many parties, the top positions are always
controlled by members of one family.
(d) This is also bad for democracy since people who do not
have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power.
(iii) Money and muscle power:
(a) Since parties are focussed only on
winning elections, they tend to use short cuts to win elections.
(b) They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money.
(c) Rich people and companies who give funds to the
parties tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party.
(d) In some cases, parties support criminals who can win
elections.
(e) Democrats all over the world are worried about the
increasing role of rich people and big companies in democratic politics.
(iv) Meaning ful choice:
(a) In order to offer meaningful
choice, parties must be significantly different.
(b) In recent years, there has been a decline in the ideological
differences among parties in most parts of the world.
(c) Those who want really different policies have no
option available to them.
(d) Sometimes, people cannot elect very different people
either, because the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.
You need to login to perform this action.
You will be redirected in
3 sec