Answer:
(i)
In north India, the Ulema were deeply anxious about the collapse of Muslim
dynasties.
(ii) They feared that colonial rulers would
encourage conversion, change the Muslims' personal laws.
(iii) To counter this they used cheap lithographic
presses, published Persian and Urdu translations of Holy Scriptures and printed
religious newspapers and tracts.
(iv) The Deoband Seminary published thousands
of fat was telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives
and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.
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