Answer:
(i) Giuseppe Mazzini He was an Italian
revolutionary, who was born in Genoa in 1807. He was sent into exile at the age
of 24 in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He founded two secret societies,
namely Young Italy and Young Europe.
He inspired the young members of these societies to involve in
revolutionary activities. Following his ideas and on the model of his secret
societies, more such societies were set-up in Germany, France, Switzerland and
Poland. Austrian Chancellor Duke Matternich once describe him as 'the most dangerous
energy of our social order'.
(ii) Count Camilo de Cavour He was the Chief Minister of
Piedmont. He was neither a democratic nor a revolutionary. But he led the
movement to unify the regions of Italy. Through tact and diplomacy, he entered
into an alliance with France and succeded in defeating Austrian forces in 1859.
(iii) The Greek War of Independence It was a successful
war waged by Greek revolutionaries between 1821 to 1832 against the 'Ottoman empire.
Greek nationalists were influenced by the idea of liberal nationalism. They
were supported by .
the West European countries in this war of - independence.
Further, the poets and artists, who added romanticism to the Greek struggle of independence,
participated in this war against the Ottoman empire. With the Treaty of Constantinople
in July 1832, Greece was recognised as an independent nation.
(iv) Frankfurt Parliament The German middle class decided
to vote for an all German National Assembly in 1848 and 831 persons were
elected.
They comprised the National Assembly.
The assembly decided to organise the Parliament at Frankfurt
in the church of St Paul. Thus, on 18th May, 1848, the famous Frankfurt Parliament
was convened.
The assembly decided that the German nation would be a constitutional
monarchy controlled by Parliament and offered the crown to the Prussian King,
Friedrich Wilhelm IV. But he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the
elected assembly.
The Parliament also faced strong opposition from the aristocracy
and military as it was dominated by the middle class who resisted the demands
of workers and artisans. As result of this, the middle class lost their mass
support.
Ultimately, the monarchy and military combined together with
the aristocracy and won over the liberal nationalist middle class. This forced
the assembly to disband.
Therefore, the Frankfurt Parliament is famous in history
as a failure of liberalism and a victory of the monarchy.
(v) Role of Women in Nationalist Struggles Women played very
significant roles in nationalist struggles all over the world. They actively
participated in movements, faced the tortures of police, stood by their male
counterparts, spread the idea of liberal nationalism and also were members of various
revolutionary organisations.
A good example is the French Revolution, in which men and
women participated equally. Even, the concept of liberty is personified as a
woman.
Liberal nationalism proposed the idea of universal
suffrage, leading to women's active participation in nationalist movements in
Europe. In spite of this, they were given little or no political rights or
right to vote till the end of the 19th century.
Note This type of questions will not be asked in the
examination, only its one or two sub-parts will be asked.
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